/* ============================================================
   KAAF University Journal System — Redesigned Stylesheet
   Palette: Navy #1E3A5C | Amber #D4972A | Slate #F7FAFC
   ============================================================ */

@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Playfair+Display:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;0,700;1,400&family=Inter:wght@300;400;500;600;700&display=swap');

/* ===================== CSS Variables ===================== */
:root {
  /* Core brand — navy replaces harsh black */
  --black:         #1E3A5C;
  --dark:          #2D3748;
  --dark-2:        #4A5568;

  /* Warm amber gold */
  --gold:          #D4972A;
  --gold-dark:     #B07A1C;
  --gold-light:    #F0C060;
  --gold-pale:     #FEF8EC;

  /* Neutrals */
  --gray:          #718096;
  --gray-light:    #A0AEC0;
  --gray-pale:     #F7FAFC;
  --border:        #E2E8F0;
  --white:         #FFFFFF;

  /* Semantic */
  --success:       #276749;
  --warning:       #B7791F;
  --error:         #C53030;
  --info:          #2B6CB0;

  /* Accent */
  --teal:          #2C7A7B;
  --indigo:        #553C9A;

  /* Typography */
  --font-serif:    'Playfair Display', Georgia, serif;
  --font-sans:     'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, sans-serif;

  /* Tokens */
  --radius:        8px;
  --radius-lg:     14px;
  --radius-xl:     20px;
  --shadow-sm:     0 1px 4px rgba(30,58,92,.07);
  --shadow:        0 4px 20px rgba(30,58,92,.10);
  --shadow-lg:     0 12px 40px rgba(30,58,92,.15);
  --shadow-gold:   0 4px 20px rgba(212,151,42,.25);

  --transition:    all .22s ease;
  --container:     1200px;
}

/* ===================== Reset ===================== */
*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; }
body {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.75;
  color: var(--dark);
  background: var(--white);
}
img { max-width: 100%; display: block; }
a { color: var(--gold-dark); text-decoration: none; transition: var(--transition); }
a:hover { color: var(--gold); }
ul { list-style: none; }
button, input, select, textarea { font-family: var(--font-sans); }

/* ===================== Typography ===================== */
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  line-height: 1.25;
  color: var(--black);
}
h1 { font-size: clamp(1.9rem, 4vw, 2.8rem); }
h2 { font-size: clamp(1.45rem, 3vw, 2.1rem); }
h3 { font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 2.5vw, 1.45rem); }
h4 { font-size: 1.1rem; }
p { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.serif { font-family: var(--font-serif); }

/* ===================== Layout ===================== */
.container    { max-width: var(--container); margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 24px; }
.container-sm { max-width: 820px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 24px; }
.section    { padding: 70px 0; }
.section-sm { padding: 44px 0; }
.section-lg { padding: 100px 0; }

.grid-2 { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); gap: 28px; }
.grid-3 { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 28px; }
.grid-4 { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); gap: 24px; }
.flex         { display: flex; align-items: center; }
.flex-between { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; }
.flex-wrap    { flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px; }

/* ===================== Topbar ===================== */
.topbar {
  background: var(--black);
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.65);
  font-size: 12.5px;
  padding: 8px 0;
  letter-spacing: .3px;
}
.topbar a { color: rgba(255,255,255,.65); }
.topbar a:hover { color: var(--gold-light); }
.topbar .topbar-inner { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px; }
.topbar-left, .topbar-right { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 20px; }
.topbar i { margin-right: 5px; color: var(--gold); font-size: 11px; }

/* ===================== Header ===================== */
.site-header {
  background: var(--white);
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--border);
  box-shadow: 0 2px 16px rgba(30,58,92,.06);
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 1000;
  transition: box-shadow .3s;
}
.site-header.scrolled { box-shadow: 0 4px 24px rgba(30,58,92,.12); }
.header-inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding: 14px 0;
  gap: 20px;
}
.site-logo { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 14px; text-decoration: none; }
.site-logo img { height: 54px; width: 54px; object-fit: contain; }
.logo-text { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.logo-title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--black);
  line-height: 1.2;
}
.logo-sub {
  font-size: 10.5px;
  color: var(--gold-dark);
  letter-spacing: 1px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-weight: 600;
}

/* ===================== Navigation ===================== */
.main-nav { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 2px; }
.nav-item { position: relative; }
.nav-link {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 5px;
  padding: 8px 14px;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--dark-2);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  transition: var(--transition);
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.nav-link:hover, .nav-link.active { color: var(--black); background: var(--gray-pale); }
.nav-link.active { color: var(--gold-dark); font-weight: 600; }
.nav-link i { font-size: 10px; opacity: .7; }

/* Dropdown */
.dropdown-menu {
  position: absolute;
  top: calc(100% + 10px);
  left: 0;
  min-width: 220px;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-top: 3px solid var(--gold);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  transform: translateY(-6px);
  transition: var(--transition);
  z-index: 200;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.nav-item:hover .dropdown-menu {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
  transform: translateY(0);
}
.dropdown-menu a {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 10px 18px;
  font-size: 13.5px;
  color: var(--dark);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-pale);
  transition: var(--transition);
}
.dropdown-menu a:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
.dropdown-menu a:hover { background: var(--gold-pale); color: var(--gold-dark); padding-left: 22px; }
.dropdown-menu a i { color: var(--gold); font-size: 12px; width: 16px; }

/* Header search & CTA */
.header-actions { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; }
.header-search { position: relative; }
.header-search input {
  padding: 9px 38px 9px 16px;
  border: 1.5px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 50px;
  font-size: 13.5px;
  width: 210px;
  outline: none;
  background: var(--gray-pale);
  color: var(--dark);
  transition: var(--transition);
}
.header-search input:focus {
  border-color: var(--gold);
  background: var(--white);
  width: 260px;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(212,151,42,.12);
}
.header-search button {
  position: absolute;
  right: 12px;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  background: none;
  border: none;
  color: var(--gray);
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: 13px;
}
.header-search button:hover { color: var(--gold-dark); }

/* Hamburger */
.nav-toggle { display: none; background: none; border: none; cursor: pointer; padding: 6px; }
.hamburger { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 5px; }
.hamburger span { display: block; width: 24px; height: 2px; background: var(--dark); transition: var(--transition); border-radius: 2px; }

/* ===================== Buttons ===================== */
.btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 10px 22px;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 600;
  border-radius: 50px;
  border: 2px solid transparent;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: var(--transition);
  text-decoration: none;
  white-space: nowrap;
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: .2px;
}
.btn-primary {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--gold) 0%, var(--gold-dark) 100%);
  color: var(--white);
  border-color: transparent;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(212,151,42,.35);
}
.btn-primary:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--gold-dark) 0%, #8B6010 100%);
  color: var(--white);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-gold);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.btn-dark {
  background: var(--black);
  color: var(--white);
  border-color: var(--black);
}
.btn-dark:hover {
  background: #2a4f78;
  border-color: #2a4f78;
  color: var(--white);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.btn-outline {
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--black);
  border-color: var(--black);
}
.btn-outline:hover {
  background: var(--black);
  color: var(--white);
}
.btn-outline-white {
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--white);
  border-color: rgba(255,255,255,.5);
}
.btn-outline-white:hover { background: var(--white); color: var(--black); }
.btn-sm  { padding: 7px 18px; font-size: 12.5px; border-radius: 50px; }
.btn-lg  { padding: 14px 32px; font-size: 15.5px; }
.btn i   { font-size: 13px; }

/* ===================== Hero Banner (journal/page) ===================== */
.journal-hero {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0F2540 0%, #1E3A5C 55%, #1B4F72 100%);
  color: var(--white);
  padding: 56px 0;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.journal-hero::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: -40%;
  right: -8%;
  width: 520px;
  height: 520px;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(212,151,42,.18) 0%, transparent 65%);
  pointer-events: none;
}
.journal-hero::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  bottom: -1px;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  height: 4px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0%, var(--gold) 30%, var(--gold-light) 50%, var(--gold) 70%, transparent 100%);
}
.hero-inner { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 40px; position: relative; z-index: 1; }
.journal-cover {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  width: 150px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 12px 36px rgba(0,0,0,.4);
  border: 2px solid rgba(212,151,42,.4);
}
.hero-content { flex: 1; position: relative; z-index: 1; }
.hero-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  background: rgba(212,151,42,.2);
  border: 1px solid rgba(212,151,42,.4);
  color: var(--gold-light);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
  padding: 5px 14px;
  border-radius: 50px;
  letter-spacing: .8px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}
.hero-title { font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 3.5vw, 2.4rem); color: var(--white); margin-bottom: 12px; }
.hero-meta {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.7);
  font-size: 13.5px;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 18px;
  margin-bottom: 26px;
}
.hero-meta span { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; }
.hero-meta i { color: var(--gold-light); }
.hero-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px; }

/* ===================== Home Hero ===================== */
.home-hero {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0B1F36 0%, #1E3A5C 45%, #0D3152 100%);
  color: var(--white);
  padding: 100px 0 86px;
  text-align: center;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}
/* Decorative circles */
.home-hero::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: -20%;
  left: -10%;
  width: 600px;
  height: 600px;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(212,151,42,.12) 0%, transparent 60%);
  pointer-events: none;
}
.home-hero::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  bottom: -20%;
  right: -8%;
  width: 500px;
  height: 500px;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(85,60,154,.18) 0%, transparent 60%);
  pointer-events: none;
}
.home-hero .container { position: relative; z-index: 1; }
.home-hero .hero-sup {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 2.5px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--gold-light);
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  background: rgba(212,151,42,.1);
  border: 1px solid rgba(212,151,42,.25);
  padding: 6px 18px;
  border-radius: 50px;
}
.home-hero h1 {
  color: var(--white);
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  max-width: 760px;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  text-shadow: 0 2px 20px rgba(0,0,0,.3);
}
.home-hero > .container > p {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.72);
  max-width: 560px;
  margin: 0 auto 36px;
}
.hero-search-bar {
  display: flex;
  max-width: 600px;
  margin: 0 auto 48px;
  background: var(--white);
  border-radius: 50px;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0,0,0,.25);
}
.hero-search-bar input {
  flex: 1;
  border: none;
  outline: none;
  padding: 16px 22px;
  font-size: 14.5px;
  color: var(--dark);
  background: transparent;
}
.hero-search-bar button {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--gold) 0%, var(--gold-dark) 100%);
  border: none;
  padding: 14px 28px;
  color: var(--white);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 14px;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: var(--transition);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  margin: 4px;
  border-radius: 50px;
}
.hero-search-bar button:hover { background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--gold-dark) 0%, #8B6010 100%); }
.hero-stats { display: flex; justify-content: center; gap: 48px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.hero-stat { text-align: center; }
.hero-stat .num {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 2.4rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--gold-light);
  line-height: 1;
  text-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(212,151,42,.3);
}
.hero-stat .lbl {
  font-size: 11.5px;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.55);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 1.2px;
  margin-top: 5px;
}

/* ===================== Section Headers ===================== */
.section-header { margin-bottom: 40px; }
.section-header.center { text-align: center; }
.section-label {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 2.5px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--gold-dark);
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  background: var(--gold-pale);
  padding: 4px 12px;
  border-radius: 50px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(212,151,42,.2);
}
.section-title { margin-bottom: 10px; color: var(--black); }
.section-desc { color: var(--gray); max-width: 580px; font-size: 15.5px; }
.section-header.center .section-desc { margin: 0 auto; }
.section-divider {
  width: 48px;
  height: 3px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--gold), var(--gold-light));
  margin: 14px 0;
  border-radius: 3px;
}
.section-header.center .section-divider { margin: 14px auto; }

/* ===================== Cards ===================== */
.card {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: var(--transition);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}
.card:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  border-color: rgba(212,151,42,.25);
}
.card-body { padding: 24px; flex: 1; }
.card-footer {
  padding: 14px 24px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  background: var(--gray-pale);
}

/* Journal Card */
.journal-card { border-top: 4px solid var(--gold); }
.journal-card:hover { border-top-color: var(--gold-dark); }
.journal-card-cover {
  height: 180px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1E3A5C 0%, #2D5282 100%);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.journal-card-cover img { height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }
.journal-card-cover .default-cover {
  width: 80px;
  height: 104px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--gold) 0%, var(--gold-dark) 100%);
  border-radius: 6px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: var(--white);
  font-size: 2.2rem;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.3);
}
.journal-card .journal-title { font-size: 1.05rem; margin-bottom: 8px; line-height: 1.4; }
.journal-card .journal-abbr {
  font-size: 10.5px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 1.2px;
  color: var(--gold-dark);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.journal-card .journal-meta {
  font-size: 12.5px;
  color: var(--gray);
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 12px;
  margin-top: 12px;
}
.journal-card .journal-meta i { color: var(--gold); margin-right: 4px; }
.open-access-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 5px;
  background: #EBFBF0;
  color: #276749;
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 600;
  padding: 4px 10px;
  border-radius: 50px;
  border: 1px solid #B7EFCE;
}

/* Article Card */
.article-card { padding: 24px; border-left: 4px solid transparent; }
.article-card:hover { border-left-color: var(--gold); }
.article-type-badge {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 600;
  padding: 3px 12px;
  border-radius: 50px;
  background: #EBF4FF;
  color: #2B6CB0;
  border: 1px solid #BEE3F8;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  letter-spacing: .3px;
}
.article-title { font-size: 1rem; margin-bottom: 8px; line-height: 1.45; }
.article-title a { color: var(--black); }
.article-title a:hover { color: var(--gold-dark); }
.article-authors { font-size: 13px; color: var(--gray); margin-bottom: 6px; }
.article-abstract { font-size: 13.5px; color: var(--dark-2); margin-bottom: 12px; line-height: 1.65; }
.article-meta { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 14px; font-size: 12px; color: var(--gray-light); align-items: center; }
.article-meta i { color: var(--gold); margin-right: 3px; }
.article-meta .doi a { color: var(--info); font-size: 11.5px; }

/* ===================== Sidebar ===================== */
.content-layout { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 290px; gap: 40px; align-items: start; }
.content-layout.reverse { grid-template-columns: 290px 1fr; }
.sidebar-widget {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  overflow: hidden;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}
.sidebar-widget-title {
  background: var(--black);
  color: var(--white);
  padding: 13px 18px;
  font-size: 12.5px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .5px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
}
.sidebar-widget-title i { color: var(--gold-light); }
.sidebar-widget-body { padding: 16px 18px; }
.sidebar-link-list a {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 9px 0;
  font-size: 13.5px;
  color: var(--dark);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-pale);
  transition: var(--transition);
}
.sidebar-link-list a:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
.sidebar-link-list a:hover { color: var(--gold-dark); padding-left: 5px; }
.sidebar-link-list a i { color: var(--gold); font-size: 12px; width: 16px; }

/* Submit Widget */
.submit-widget {
  background: linear-gradient(145deg, #1E3A5C 0%, #0F2540 100%);
  color: var(--white);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 26px;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.submit-widget::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: -40px;
  right: -40px;
  width: 120px;
  height: 120px;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(212,151,42,.25), transparent 70%);
  border-radius: 50%;
}
.submit-widget h4 { color: var(--white); margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 1.05rem; }
.submit-widget p { font-size: 13px; color: rgba(255,255,255,.65); margin-bottom: 18px; }
.submit-widget .fee-note {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 7px;
  font-size: 12.5px;
  color: #68D391;
  margin-top: 12px;
}
.submit-widget .fee-note i { color: #68D391; }

/* ===================== Article Detail ===================== */
.article-header {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #F0F5FF 0%, var(--white) 100%);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  padding: 44px 0;
}
.article-header .article-type-badge { margin-bottom: 14px; }
.article-header h1 { font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 3vw, 2rem); margin-bottom: 16px; }
.author-list { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; margin-bottom: 16px; }
.author-chip {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  padding: 5px 14px;
  border-radius: 50px;
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--dark);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}
.author-chip .corr { color: var(--gold-dark); font-size: 11px; }
.article-pub-info { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 18px; font-size: 13px; color: var(--gray); margin-top: 16px; }
.article-pub-info i { color: var(--gold-dark); margin-right: 4px; }
.article-doi { font-size: 13px; }
.article-doi a { color: var(--info); }
.article-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px; margin-top: 26px; }
.article-body { padding: 44px 0; }
.abstract-box {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #F0F5FF 0%, #EFF6FF 100%);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--black);
  border-radius: 0 var(--radius) var(--radius) 0;
  padding: 24px 28px;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
}
.abstract-box h3 {
  font-size: .85rem;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  color: var(--black);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 1px;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-weight: 700;
}
.abstract-box p { font-size: 14.5px; color: var(--dark); line-height: 1.8; margin: 0; }
.keywords-box { margin-bottom: 28px; }
.keywords-box strong { font-size: 13px; color: var(--dark); display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; }
.keyword-tag {
  display: inline-block;
  background: var(--gray-pale);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  color: var(--dark-2);
  font-size: 12.5px;
  padding: 4px 14px;
  border-radius: 50px;
  margin: 0 5px 6px 0;
  transition: var(--transition);
}
.keyword-tag:hover { background: var(--gold-pale); border-color: var(--gold-light); color: var(--gold-dark); }

/* Article stat badges */
.article-stats { display: flex; gap: 16px; flex-wrap: wrap; margin: 20px 0; }
.stat-badge {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  background: var(--gray-pale);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 14px 22px;
  min-width: 84px;
}
.stat-badge .stat-num { font-size: 1.4rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--black); font-family: var(--font-serif); line-height: 1; }
.stat-badge .stat-label { font-size: 11px; color: var(--gray); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .5px; margin-top: 5px; }

/* ===================== Forms ===================== */
.form-group { margin-bottom: 20px; }
.form-label {
  display: block;
  font-size: 13.5px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--dark);
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}
.form-label .req { color: var(--error); margin-left: 3px; }
.form-control {
  width: 100%;
  padding: 10px 14px;
  border: 1.5px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  font-size: 14px;
  color: var(--dark);
  background: var(--white);
  transition: var(--transition);
  outline: none;
}
.form-control:focus {
  border-color: var(--black);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(30,58,92,.08);
}
.form-control.error { border-color: var(--error); }
select.form-control { cursor: pointer; }
textarea.form-control { resize: vertical; min-height: 110px; }
.form-hint  { font-size: 12px; color: var(--gray); margin-top: 5px; }
.form-error { font-size: 12px; color: var(--error); margin-top: 5px; display: none; }
.form-row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 16px; }
.form-section {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 28px;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}
.form-section-title {
  font-size: .95rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--black);
  margin-bottom: 22px;
  padding-bottom: 14px;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--gold);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
}
.form-section-title i { color: var(--gold-dark); }
.file-upload-area {
  border: 2px dashed var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 36px;
  text-align: center;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: var(--transition);
  background: var(--gray-pale);
}
.file-upload-area:hover, .file-upload-area.drag-over {
  border-color: var(--gold);
  background: var(--gold-pale);
}
.file-upload-area i { font-size: 2.5rem; color: var(--gold); margin-bottom: 14px; display: block; }
.file-upload-area p { font-size: 14px; color: var(--gray); margin: 0; }
.file-upload-area .browse { color: var(--gold-dark); font-weight: 600; }

/* Steps indicator */
.steps-bar {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0;
  margin-bottom: 44px;
  counter-reset: step;
}
.step-item { display: flex; align-items: center; }
.step-circle {
  width: 38px;
  height: 38px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  border: 2px solid var(--border);
  background: var(--white);
  color: var(--gray);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 13px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  transition: var(--transition);
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}
.step-item.active .step-circle { border-color: var(--gold); background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--gold), var(--gold-dark)); color: var(--white); box-shadow: var(--shadow-gold); }
.step-item.done .step-circle { border-color: var(--success); background: var(--success); color: var(--white); }
.step-label { font-size: 11.5px; color: var(--gray); margin-top: 7px; white-space: nowrap; }
.step-item.active .step-label { color: var(--gold-dark); font-weight: 600; }
.step-line { width: 60px; height: 2px; background: var(--border); margin: 0 -2px; margin-bottom: 20px; }
.step-line.done { background: var(--gold); }
.step-wrap { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; }

/* ===================== Alerts ===================== */
.alert {
  padding: 14px 18px;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  font-size: 14px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 10px;
}
.alert i { margin-top: 2px; flex-shrink: 0; }
.alert-success { background: #F0FFF4; color: #276749; border: 1px solid #B7EFCE; }
.alert-warning { background: #FFFBEB; color: #92400E; border: 1px solid #FCD34D; }
.alert-error   { background: #FFF5F5; color: #C53030; border: 1px solid #FEB2B2; }
.alert-info    { background: #EBF8FF; color: #2B6CB0; border: 1px solid #BEE3F8; }

/* ===================== Breadcrumb ===================== */
.breadcrumb {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--gray);
  padding: 14px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  margin-bottom: 30px;
}
.breadcrumb a { color: var(--gray); }
.breadcrumb a:hover { color: var(--gold-dark); }
.breadcrumb i { font-size: 10px; color: var(--gray-light); }
.breadcrumb span { color: var(--dark); font-weight: 500; }

/* ===================== Tables ===================== */
.data-table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; }
.data-table th {
  background: var(--black);
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.9);
  padding: 12px 16px;
  text-align: left;
  font-size: 12.5px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: .4px;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
}
.data-table td { padding: 13px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); font-size: 13.5px; }
.data-table tr:hover td { background: #F0F5FF; }
.data-table tr:last-child td { border-bottom: none; }
.table-wrapper { overflow-x: auto; border-radius: var(--radius-lg); border: 1px solid var(--border); }

/* ===================== Pagination ===================== */
.pagination { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; justify-content: center; margin-top: 40px; }
.page-btn {
  width: 38px;
  height: 38px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  border: 1.5px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  font-size: 14px;
  color: var(--dark);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: var(--transition);
}
.page-btn:hover { border-color: var(--gold); color: var(--gold-dark); background: var(--gold-pale); }
.page-btn.active { background: var(--black); border-color: var(--black); color: var(--white); font-weight: 700; }
.page-btn.disabled { opacity: .4; pointer-events: none; }

/* ===================== Tabs ===================== */
.tabs {
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--border);
  display: flex;
  gap: 0;
  margin-bottom: 28px;
  overflow-x: auto;
}
.tab-btn {
  padding: 12px 22px;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--gray);
  cursor: pointer;
  border: none;
  background: none;
  border-bottom: 3px solid transparent;
  margin-bottom: -2px;
  transition: var(--transition);
  white-space: nowrap;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
}
.tab-btn:hover { color: var(--dark); }
.tab-btn.active { color: var(--black); border-bottom-color: var(--gold); font-weight: 600; }
.tab-content { display: none; }
.tab-content.active { display: block; }

/* ===================== Issue List ===================== */
.issue-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 16px;
  padding: 16px 20px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  transition: var(--transition);
  background: var(--white);
}
.issue-item:hover { border-color: var(--gold); background: var(--gold-pale); box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm); }
.issue-vol {
  background: var(--black);
  color: var(--gold-light);
  padding: 9px 14px;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-align: center;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  min-width: 64px;
}
.issue-info { flex: 1; }
.issue-info h4 { font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 4px; }
.issue-info .meta { font-size: 12.5px; color: var(--gray); }
.issue-arrow { color: var(--gray-light); font-size: 12px; }
.issue-item.current-issue { border-color: var(--gold); background: var(--gold-pale); }
.current-badge {
  display: inline-block;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--gold), var(--gold-dark));
  color: var(--white);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 700;
  padding: 3px 10px;
  border-radius: 50px;
  margin-left: 8px;
  letter-spacing: .5px;
}

/* ===================== Stats Strip ===================== */
.stats-strip {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0B1F36 0%, #1E3A5C 50%, #162D4A 100%);
  padding: 44px 0;
}
.stats-strip .grid-4 { align-items: center; }
.stat-item { text-align: center; }
.stat-item .number {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 2.5rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--gold-light);
  line-height: 1;
  display: block;
  text-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(212,151,42,.25);
}
.stat-item .label {
  font-size: 11.5px;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.5);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 1.5px;
  margin-top: 6px;
  display: block;
}
.stat-divider { width: 1px; height: 56px; background: rgba(255,255,255,.1); margin: 0 auto; }

/* ===================== Announcements ===================== */
.announcement-item {
  border-left: 4px solid var(--gold);
  padding: 18px 20px;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--gold-pale) 0%, #FFF 100%);
  border-radius: 0 var(--radius-lg) var(--radius-lg) 0;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}
.announcement-item h4 { font-size: 14.5px; margin-bottom: 6px; }
.announcement-item p { font-size: 13.5px; color: var(--dark-2); margin: 0; line-height: 1.65; }
.announcement-item .date { font-size: 11.5px; color: var(--gray-light); margin-top: 8px; }

/* ===================== Editorial Board ===================== */
.editor-card {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 16px;
  padding: 20px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  transition: var(--transition);
  background: var(--white);
}
.editor-card:hover { border-color: var(--gold); box-shadow: var(--shadow); background: #FDFAF4; }
.editor-avatar {
  width: 56px;
  height: 56px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--black) 0%, #2D5282 100%);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: var(--gold-light);
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  flex-shrink: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(30,58,92,.25);
}
.editor-info h4 { font-size: 14.5px; margin-bottom: 3px; }
.editor-info .role {
  font-size: 11px;
  color: var(--gold-dark);
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .8px;
  margin-bottom: 5px;
}
.editor-info .inst { font-size: 12.5px; color: var(--gray); }
.editor-role-group { margin-bottom: 32px; }
.editor-role-group h3 {
  font-size: .95rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--white);
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--black) 0%, #2D5282 100%);
  padding: 11px 18px;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
}
.editor-role-group h3 i { color: var(--gold-light); }

/* ===================== Honeypot (bot trap — must stay hidden) ===================== */
.hp-field { display:none !important; position:absolute; left:-9999px; visibility:hidden; }

/* ===================== Footer ===================== */
.site-footer {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #0F2540 0%, #0A1828 100%);
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.6);
  padding: 64px 0 0;
}
.footer-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr 1fr 1fr; gap: 44px; margin-bottom: 44px; }
.footer-brand .site-logo { margin-bottom: 18px; }
.footer-brand .logo-title { color: var(--white); }
.footer-brand p { font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 1.75; color: rgba(255,255,255,.5); max-width: 280px; }
.footer-social { display: flex; gap: 10px; margin-top: 20px; }
.footer-social a {
  width: 38px;
  height: 38px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.06);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.1);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.5);
  font-size: 14px;
  transition: var(--transition);
}
.footer-social a:hover { background: var(--gold); border-color: var(--gold); color: var(--white); transform: translateY(-2px); }
.footer-col h4 {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 1.5px;
  color: var(--white);
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  padding-bottom: 10px;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--gold);
  display: inline-block;
}
.footer-links { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; }
.footer-links a {
  font-size: 13.5px;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.5);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  transition: var(--transition);
}
.footer-links a i { font-size: 11px; color: var(--gold); }
.footer-links a:hover { color: var(--gold-light); padding-left: 4px; }
.footer-contact { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 12px; }
.footer-contact .contact-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 10px;
  font-size: 13px;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.5);
}
.footer-contact .contact-item i { color: var(--gold); margin-top: 3px; flex-shrink: 0; }
.footer-bottom {
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.06);
  padding: 20px 0;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px;
  font-size: 12.5px;
}
.footer-bottom p { color: rgba(255,255,255,.35); margin: 0; }
.footer-bottom a { color: var(--gold); }
.footer-bottom .issn-list { display: flex; gap: 18px; flex-wrap: wrap; }

/* ===================== Admin Panel ===================== */
.admin-layout { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 256px 1fr; min-height: 100vh; }
.admin-sidebar {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #0D1F36 0%, #0A1828 100%);
  color: var(--white);
  padding: 0;
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  height: 100vh;
  overflow-y: auto;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}
.admin-sidebar-header {
  padding: 22px 20px 16px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.07);
  background: rgba(212,151,42,.06);
}
.admin-sidebar-header .admin-logo {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  color: var(--white);
  font-weight: 700;
}
.admin-sidebar-header .admin-sub {
  font-size: 10.5px;
  color: var(--gold-light);
  letter-spacing: 1.2px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-top: 2px;
}
.admin-nav { padding: 14px 0; flex: 1; }
.admin-nav-section {
  padding: 0 16px 7px;
  font-size: 10px;
  letter-spacing: 2px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.28);
  margin-top: 18px;
}
.admin-nav a {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  padding: 10px 20px;
  font-size: 13.5px;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.6);
  transition: var(--transition);
  border-left: 3px solid transparent;
}
.admin-nav a:hover { color: var(--white); background: rgba(255,255,255,.05); }
.admin-nav a.active { color: var(--gold-light); border-left-color: var(--gold); background: rgba(212,151,42,.08); }
.admin-nav a i { width: 18px; text-align: center; }
.admin-main { background: #F0F4F8; }
.admin-topbar {
  background: var(--white);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  padding: 14px 28px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 50;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 8px rgba(30,58,92,.06);
}
.admin-topbar h2 { font-size: 1.1rem; font-family: var(--font-sans); font-weight: 700; color: var(--black); }
.admin-content { padding: 28px; }
.admin-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  padding: 24px;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.admin-stat-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 22px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 18px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--gold);
  transition: var(--transition);
}
.admin-stat-card:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow); transform: translateY(-2px); }
.admin-stat-card .icon {
  width: 50px;
  height: 50px;
  background: var(--gold-pale);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  color: var(--gold-dark);
}
.admin-stat-card .value { font-size: 1.9rem; font-weight: 700; font-family: var(--font-serif); line-height: 1; color: var(--black); }
.admin-stat-card .label { font-size: 12.5px; color: var(--gray); margin-top: 4px; }

/* Status Pills */
.status-pill {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 3px 12px;
  border-radius: 50px;
  font-size: 11.5px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: .2px;
}
.status-submitted     { background: #EBF8FF; color: #2B6CB0; }
.status-published     { background: #F0FFF4; color: #276749; }
.status-under_review  { background: #FFFFF0; color: #975A16; }
.status-accepted      { background: #FAF5FF; color: #6B46C1; }
.status-rejected      { background: #FFF5F5; color: #C53030; }
.status-revision_required { background: #FFFAF0; color: #C05621; }

/* ===================== Modal ===================== */
.modal-overlay {
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  background: rgba(11,31,54,.65);
  z-index: 2000;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  transition: var(--transition);
  backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
}
.modal-overlay.open { opacity: 1; visibility: visible; }
.modal {
  background: var(--white);
  border-radius: var(--radius-xl);
  max-width: 560px;
  width: 95%;
  max-height: 90vh;
  overflow-y: auto;
  box-shadow: 0 24px 64px rgba(11,31,54,.3);
  transform: scale(.96) translateY(10px);
  transition: var(--transition);
}
.modal-overlay.open .modal { transform: scale(1) translateY(0); }
.modal-header {
  padding: 22px 26px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
}
.modal-header h3 { font-size: 1.1rem; }
.modal-close { background: none; border: none; font-size: 1.1rem; cursor: pointer; color: var(--gray); padding: 6px; border-radius: 50%; transition: var(--transition); }
.modal-close:hover { color: var(--error); background: #FFF5F5; transform: rotate(90deg); }
.modal-body { padding: 26px; }
.modal-footer { padding: 18px 26px; border-top: 1px solid var(--border); display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; gap: 10px; }

/* ===================== Spinner ===================== */
.spinner {
  width: 22px;
  height: 22px;
  border: 3px solid rgba(212,151,42,.25);
  border-top-color: var(--gold);
  border-radius: 50%;
  animation: spin .7s linear infinite;
  display: inline-block;
}
@keyframes spin { to { transform: rotate(360deg); } }

/* ===================== Misc Utilities ===================== */
.text-gold   { color: var(--gold-dark); }
.text-muted  { color: var(--gray); }
.text-center { text-align: center; }
.mt-1 { margin-top: 8px; }  .mt-2 { margin-top: 16px; }  .mt-3 { margin-top: 24px; }
.mb-1 { margin-bottom: 8px; } .mb-2 { margin-bottom: 16px; } .mb-3 { margin-bottom: 24px; }
.gap-2 { gap: 16px; }
.w-100 { width: 100%; }
.divider { border: none; border-top: 1px solid var(--border); margin: 24px 0; }
.empty-state { text-align: center; padding: 64px 20px; color: var(--gray); }
.empty-state i { font-size: 3rem; color: var(--gray-light); margin-bottom: 16px; display: block; opacity: .5; }
.tag {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 11.5px;
  padding: 3px 10px;
  border-radius: 50px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  background: var(--gray-pale);
  color: var(--gray);
}

/* CFP banner */
.cfp-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--gold-dark) 0%, var(--gold) 100%);
  color: var(--white);
  padding: 20px 26px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 16px;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-gold);
}
.cfp-banner i { font-size: 1.6rem; flex-shrink: 0; opacity: .9; }
.cfp-banner h4 { font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 3px; color: var(--white); }
.cfp-banner p { font-size: 13px; margin: 0; opacity: .85; }
.cfp-banner .btn { flex-shrink: 0; margin-left: auto; }

/* ===================== Responsive ===================== */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  .footer-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .content-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr 260px; }
}

@media (max-width: 860px) {
  .grid-3 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  .grid-4 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  .content-layout,
  .content-layout.reverse { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .hero-inner { flex-direction: column; text-align: center; }
  .hero-actions { justify-content: center; }
  .hero-meta { justify-content: center; }
  .admin-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .admin-sidebar { display: none; }
  .footer-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .grid-2 { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .grid-3 { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .form-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .stats-strip .grid-4 { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .stat-divider { display: none; }
  .main-nav { display: none; }
  .nav-toggle { display: block; }
  .header-search { display: none; }
  .topbar { display: none; }
  .hero-stats { gap: 28px; }
  .steps-bar .step-line { width: 30px; }
}

/* Mobile nav open state */
.mobile-nav-open .main-nav {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 288px;
  height: 100vh;
  background: var(--white);
  z-index: 2000;
  padding: 24px 20px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  overflow-y: auto;
  gap: 3px;
}
.mobile-nav-open .dropdown-menu {
  position: static;
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
  transform: none;
  box-shadow: none;
  border: none;
  background: var(--gray-pale);
  margin-left: 10px;
  margin-top: 4px;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
}
.nav-overlay { display: none; position: fixed; inset: 0; background: rgba(11,31,54,.5); z-index: 1999; }
.mobile-nav-open .nav-overlay { display: block; }

/* Print */
@media print {
  .site-header, .site-footer, .sidebar, .article-actions, .breadcrumb { display: none !important; }
  .content-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .abstract-box { border-color: #000; background: none; }
}